VA Disability Ratings and Pay Chart Explained (2026)
VA.gov: About disability ratings
VA.gov: 2026 compensation rate tables
VA combined ratings table (PDF)
VA.gov: Individual Unemployability (TDIU)
VA.gov: Add/manage dependents
VA disability ratings aren’t “just a percentage”—they drive your monthly tax-free compensation, eligibility for key benefits, and planning decisions for your household. This 2026 guide explains rating levels, how VA combines multiple conditions using whole-person math, and how statuses like TDIU or Permanent and Total (P&T) can change pay and options.
How VA disability ratings work
- Rating scale: 0% to 100% in 10% steps, based on how a service-connected condition impacts function and work capacity.
- 0% still matters: A 0% rating can preserve service connection, which can support future increases if symptoms worsen.
- Effective date drives back pay: Your payment amount and retroactive benefits depend on the effective date in the decision—not just the rating itself.
- Same rating, different pay: Two Veterans with the same combined rating can have different monthly compensation due to dependents or special monthly compensation (SMC).
How VA “whole-person” math combines ratings
- Not simple addition: VA applies each additional rating to the remaining “unaffected” percentage, not the original 100%.
- Order matters: VA starts with the highest rating, then layers the next ratings in descending order.
- Rounding rule: The final combined result is rounded to the nearest 10% (for example, 74% rounds to 70%, 75% rounds to 80%).
- Use official tables: For accuracy, reference the VA combined ratings table (or your decision letter’s combined rating result) instead of guessing.
2026 pay chart and dependent pay
- Confirm the rate year: VA updates compensation tables periodically—budget using the correct effective date shown on the official 2026 tables.
- Dependents can increase pay: Additional compensation for eligible dependents generally starts at a 30% combined rating, but you must claim/report dependents to receive it.
- Household planning: When budgeting rent or a mortgage, compare your base rate vs your “with dependents” rate and build a buffer for timing gaps during claims processing.
- Keep records current: Marriage, divorce, births, and school status changes can affect eligibility—update dependents promptly to avoid over/underpayments.
100% schedular vs TDIU vs 100% P&T
- 100% schedular: Your single or combined rating equals 100% under the rating schedule.
- TDIU: You’re paid at the 100% rate if service-connected disabilities prevent substantially gainful work, even if your combined rating is below 100% (eligibility rules apply).
- 100% P&T: “Permanent and Total” generally means VA doesn’t expect improvement, which can strengthen long-term family planning and may unlock additional dependent benefits.
- Increase or appeal smart: If a condition worsens, file for an increase; if the decision is wrong, choose the review lane that matches your situation (new evidence vs error review).
Top questions about VA disability ratings
How do I calculate my combined VA disability rating?
What’s the difference between 100% schedular, TDIU, and 100% P&T?
How can I request a VA disability rating increase?
What Are VA Disability Ratings?
VA disability ratings are percentages assigned by the Department of Veterans Affairs to quantify the severity of a service-connected disability. These ratings range from 0% to 100%, in increments of 10%. The higher the percentage, the greater the disability and the corresponding monthly compensation.
Key Points About VA Disability Ratings:
- A 0% rating acknowledges a service-connected condition but doesn’t qualify for monthly compensation.
- Ratings of 30% or higher may allow for additional compensation for dependents.
- The VA uses a “combined rating” system for Veterans with multiple disabilities.
How VA Disability Ratings Are Determined
The VA evaluates claims using the Schedule for Rating Disabilities, a document that outlines criteria for various conditions. This process considers:
- Medical Evidence: Results from exams, diagnostic tests, and medical history.
- Impairment of Earning Capacity: How the disability affects a Veteran’s ability to work.
- Disability Severity: The extent to which the condition impacts daily functioning.
Example Ratings for Common Conditions:
| Condition | 10% Rating Description | 50% Rating Description | 100% Rating Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD | Mild symptoms, minimal impact | Frequent symptoms, reduced work | Total occupational/social impairment |
| Hearing Loss | Slight impairment | Severe impairment | Total hearing loss |
| Knee Injury | Limited motion | Significant instability | Complete immobility |
The Combined Ratings System
When Veterans have multiple conditions, the VA uses a combined ratings table rather than simple addition to calculate the overall rating. For example:
- A Veteran with two disabilities rated at 50% and 20% doesn’t have a combined rating of 70%.
- The VA calculates the combined rating by considering the most disabling condition first, followed by the next most disabling.
Example of Combined Ratings:
| Condition | Individual Rating | Combined Rating Calculation |
|---|---|---|
| Back Pain | 50% | 50% |
| PTSD | 20% | 50% + (20% of 50%) = 60% |
| Tinnitus | 10% | 60% + (10% of 40%) = 64% |
| Final Rating | 64% (rounded to 60%) |
How to File a Disability Claim
Filing a VA disability claim involves several steps:
- Gather Evidence: Collect medical records, service treatment records, and any relevant private medical reports.
- File the Claim: Use VA Form 21-526EZ or file online via eBenefits.
- Attend a C&P Exam: A Compensation and Pension exam assesses the extent of your disability.
- Await a Decision: The VA typically takes several months to process claims.
Pro Tip: “Providing detailed evidence upfront can streamline the claims process,” says Veteran advocate Lisa Jones.
Appealing a VA Disability Decision
If you disagree with your VA disability rating, you have the right to appeal. Common reasons for appeals include:
- A lower-than-expected rating.
- Denial of a claim despite strong evidence.
- Errors in the VA’s review process.
Steps in the appeal process include:
- File a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) within one year of the decision.
- Choose a Review Option: Supplemental claim, higher-level review, or Board appeal.
- Present New Evidence: Strengthen your case with additional documentation or expert opinions.
Maximizing Your VA Disability Rating
Several strategies can help Veterans secure the highest possible rating:
- Understand the Criteria: Familiarize yourself with the Schedule for Rating Disabilities.
- Document Everything: Keep detailed records of symptoms and how they affect your daily life.
- Utilize VA Resources: VA-accredited representatives, such as VSOs, can guide you through the process.
“Knowing your rights and advocating for yourself can make all the difference,” says VA-accredited representative Mark Simmons.
Benefits of High Disability Ratings
Achieving a higher VA disability rating comes with significant financial and healthcare benefits:
- Monthly Compensation: Payments increase with the severity of the disability.
- Healthcare Access: Higher ratings often provide broader access to VA medical services.
- Additional Support: Ratings of 30% or higher may qualify Veterans for spousal and dependent compensation.
Monthly Compensation Rates (2026):
| Disability Rating | Single Veteran | Veteran + Spouse | Veteran + Spouse + Child |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | $165.92 | N/A | N/A |
| 50% | $1,041.82 | $1,112.82 | $1,176.82 |
| 100% | $3,621.95 | $3,823.89 | $4,058.89 |
Common Questions About VA Disability Ratings
How often are VA disability ratings reviewed?
Ratings are periodically reviewed to ensure accuracy. Conditions expected to improve may require re-examination after 5 or 10 years.
Can ratings be permanent?
Yes, permanent and total (P&T) ratings indicate the condition is unlikely to improve, exempting the Veteran from future exams.
Do dependents affect compensation?
Yes, Veterans with ratings of 30% or higher receive additional payments for qualifying dependents.
Is VA disability compensation taxable?
No, VA disability payments are exempt from federal and state taxes.
The Importance of Staying Informed
Understanding VA disability ratings empowers Veterans to make informed decisions about their benefits. Whether filing an initial claim, appealing a decision, or seeking an increase, knowledge is key to navigating the process successfully.
“Your disability rating is more than a number; it’s recognition of your service and sacrifices,” says retired Army officer John Carter.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does VA disability compensation count as taxable income?
VA disability compensation is generally not taxable at the federal level, so it is usually excluded from federal income calculations. State tax rules can differ for other benefits, so confirm how your state treats Military retirement, pensions, and related income sources.
Can a Veteran work while receiving TDIU?
TDIU is based on being unable to maintain substantially gainful employment. Some marginal or sheltered employment may be permitted, but consistent earnings above the gainful threshold can jeopardize eligibility. Track income and accommodations carefully and keep documentation organized.
Do dependents increase VA pay at 10% or 20% ratings?
No. At 10% and 20% ratings, VA compensation does not increase for dependents. Additional dependent compensation generally starts at a 30% combined rating once eligible dependents are claimed and verified. Make sure your dependency claim is on file.
How does VA round combined disability ratings?
VA uses whole-person math to combine ratings, then rounds the final result to the nearest 10% for payment. Values ending in 5 round up, while 4 or less round down. Your award letter shows the final rounded combined rating used for pay.
What documents prove a Veteran is Permanent and Total?
The strongest proof is the VA decision letter plus a VA Benefit Summary Letter showing you are totally disabled and that the rating is permanent. Many programs accept those letters as verification. Save digital copies and keep printed backups for time-sensitive applications.
Can VA reduce a disability rating after it is granted?
Yes. VA can propose a reduction when evidence shows sustained improvement, often after a reexamination. You must receive notice and a chance to respond. Do not ignore a proposed reduction letter, respond quickly with medical evidence and clear statements.
How long does it take to add a spouse or child as a dependent?
Timelines vary by VA workload and whether your submission is complete. Online claims with clear supporting documents are often processed faster than paper submissions. If approved, VA may adjust pay retroactively based on your filing date and eligibility rules.
What is Special Monthly Compensation and who qualifies?
Special Monthly Compensation is additional pay for severe disabilities or qualifying combinations, such as loss of use, aid and attendance needs, or housebound status. It is paid in addition to basic compensation. Eligibility depends on medical findings and specific statutory criteria.
Does a 0% rating qualify for any VA benefits?
Yes. A 0% rating means the condition is service-connected but not currently compensable. It can still support VA health care eligibility for that condition and preserves a pathway to request an increase if symptoms worsen. Keep medical records current if you plan to appeal.
What is the fastest way to check current VA compensation rates?
Use the official VA compensation rate tables and match your combined rating and dependent status to the correct row. Then compare that figure to your award letter and recent deposits. This three-way check catches most errors quickly, especially after dependency changes.
