The VA loan program offers significant benefits to veterans, active-duty service members, and eligible surviving spouses, making homeownership more accessible.
If you’re the spouse of a veteran or service member, understanding the specific requirements and benefits available to you is essential.
This article explores VA loan spouse requirements, eligibility criteria, benefits, and frequently asked questions to help you navigate the process confidently.
- Monthly tax-free payments for surviving spouses of service members who died in the line of duty or from a service-related condition.
- Benefits: Provides financial stability and support.
- Eligibility: Must not have remarried before age 57 (or age 55 after January 1, 2021).
In this Article
What Is a VA Loan, and How Does It Benefit Spouses?
A VA loan is a government-backed mortgage designed to help veterans, service members, and their spouses achieve homeownership. One of its key advantages is the ability to purchase a home with no down payment and no private mortgage insurance (PMI), along with competitive interest rates.
For spouses, VA loans provide opportunities to own a home, even if they don’t have a strong credit history or substantial savings for a down payment. Eligible spouses of veterans who died in service or from a service-related disability may also qualify for these loans, ensuring continued access to affordable housing.
Eligibility Criteria for VA Loan Spouses
Spouses must meet specific requirements to qualify for a VA loan. Eligibility is determined based on the veteran’s service and the spouse’s circumstances.
Surviving Spouses
Surviving spouses are eligible for VA loans if:
- The veteran died during service or from a service-connected disability.
- They remain unmarried (or remarried after turning 57).
- The veteran was missing in action (MIA) or a prisoner of war (POW) for 90 days or more.
Co-Borrowing Spouses
For married couples applying together, the veteran or service member must meet the VA’s service requirements, including:
- Serving 90 consecutive days during wartime.
- Serving 181 days during peacetime.
- Completing six years in the National Guard or Reserves.
Benefits of VA Loans for Spouses
VA loans offer several unique benefits for spouses of veterans and active-duty service members:
- No Down Payment Requirement
Eligible borrowers can finance 100% of the home’s purchase price without a down payment. This is especially helpful for families building financial stability. - No PMI
Unlike conventional loans, VA loans don’t require private mortgage insurance, which can save hundreds of dollars each month. - Competitive Interest Rates
VA loans typically have lower interest rates than conventional mortgages, resulting in significant long-term savings. - Flexible Credit Requirements
VA loans are more forgiving of lower credit scores, making them accessible to a wider range of borrowers.
Documentation Requirements for VA Loan Spouses
To apply for a VA loan, spouses must provide the following documentation:
For Surviving Spouses:
- A copy of the veteran’s death certificate.
- A completed VA Form 26-1817 (Request for Determination of Loan Guaranty Eligibility).
- Marriage license or proof of relationship.
For Co-Borrowing Spouses:
- Identification documents (driver’s license or state ID).
- Proof of income (pay stubs, tax returns).
- Joint financial information if applying with the veteran.
Survivors’ and Dependents’ Educational Assistance (DEA) Program
The DEA program provides financial support to spouses and dependents of veterans for education and career training. This assistance can be used for degree programs, certification courses, and even apprenticeships. It’s especially helpful for those looking to advance their careers or enter new fields after a life transition related to military service.
- Offers education and training benefits to eligible spouses and dependents of veterans.
- Benefits: Assistance for degree programs, certificate courses, and career counseling.
- Eligibility: Available to spouses of veterans who died in service or have a permanent and total service-related disability.
CHAMPVA (Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs)
CHAMPVA offers comprehensive health care benefits to surviving spouses and dependents, including medical care, prescriptions, and hospital stays. This program ensures families of veterans receive the health coverage they need, helping to alleviate the financial burden of healthcare expenses, especially for those who are not eligible for TRICARE.
- Provides comprehensive health care coverage for surviving spouses and dependents.
- Benefits: Covers medical care, prescriptions, and hospital stays.
- Eligibility: Spouses of veterans who are permanently disabled or died from a service-connected condition.
VA Loan Benefits for Surviving Spouses
VA loan benefits allow eligible surviving spouses to purchase or refinance a home without the need for a down payment. With no private mortgage insurance and access to low interest rates, this program helps surviving spouses achieve homeownership while minimizing financial strain, offering stability during difficult times.
- Allows surviving spouses to apply for VA loans with no down payment and low interest rates.
- Benefits: No PMI required and exemption from the VA funding fee.
- Eligibility: Spouses of veterans who died in service or due to a service-related disability.
Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC)
DIC provides tax-free monthly payments to surviving spouses of service members who died in the line of duty or from service-related conditions. This financial support can be a lifeline, ensuring surviving spouses can meet their living expenses and maintain financial stability after the loss of their loved one.
- Allows surviving spouses to apply for VA loans with no down payment and low interest rates.
- Benefits: No PMI required and exemption from the VA funding fee.
- Eligibility: Spouses of veterans who died in service or due to a service-related disability.
Common Challenges and Solutions
While VA loans offer great benefits, spouses may encounter a few challenges during the application process.
1. Proof of Eligibility
Ensuring you have all necessary documents, such as the Certificate of Eligibility (COE), is crucial. Missing documentation can delay the process.
2. Property Requirements
Homes purchased with VA loans must meet Minimum Property Requirements (MPRs) to ensure safety and livability. Consider working with a real estate agent familiar with VA loans.
3. Competing in a Tight Market
In competitive housing markets, VA loan offers can be less appealing to sellers. Strengthen your offer by getting pre-approved and working with a VA-savvy lender.
How to Obtain a Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
The COE is essential for accessing VA loan benefits. Here’s how spouses can obtain it:
- Online: Use the VA’s eBenefits portal to request the COE electronically.
- Through a Lender: Many VA-approved lenders can assist with obtaining the COE.
- By Mail: Submit VA Form 26-1880 to your regional VA loan office.
Refinancing Options for VA Loan Spouses
Spouses can also benefit from refinancing options:
VA Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL)
Allows borrowers to lower their interest rate on an existing VA loan with minimal documentation and no appraisal.
VA Cash-Out Refinance
Enables homeowners to tap into their home equity for expenses such as home improvements or debt consolidation.
Table: VA Loan Refinancing Options
| Refinancing Option | Purpose | Appraisal Required | Credit Check Required |
|---|---|---|---|
| VA IRRRL | Lower interest rate | No | Sometimes |
| VA Cash-Out Refinance | Access home equity | Yes | Yes |
Tips for Success When Applying for a VA Loan
- Gather Documents Early: Start collecting your COE, marriage license, and other necessary paperwork in advance.
- Work with a VA-Savvy Lender: Choose a lender experienced in VA loans for smoother processing.
- Consider Pre-Approval: Strengthen your offer and understand your budget with pre-approval.
- Understand the Funding Fee: If not exempt, budget for the VA funding fee, which can be rolled into the loan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a spouse apply for a VA loan on their own?
Yes, surviving spouses who meet eligibility criteria can apply for a VA loan independently.
What documentation is needed for a VA loan as a spouse?
Key documents include the COE, marriage license, and, for surviving spouses, the veteran’s death certificate.
Are VA loans available for second homes or investment properties?
No, VA loans are intended for primary residences only.
Do spouses have to pay the VA funding fee?
Most spouses are exempt from the funding fee, particularly surviving spouses.
What credit score is required for a VA loan as a spouse?
While the VA doesn’t set a minimum score, most lenders prefer scores of 580 or higher.
Can a non-military spouse co-sign a VA loan?
Yes, a non-military spouse can co-sign, but the loan must be for a primary residence.
How long does it take to process a VA loan application?
VA loans typically close within 30–45 days, depending on the lender and market conditions.
Can spouses refinance an existing VA loan?
Yes, spouses can refinance using options like the IRRRL or VA Cash-Out Refinance.
Levi Rodgers is a real estate expert and retired U.S. Army Green Beret. He writes about VA loans, homeownership, and helping Veterans buy homes. After service, he built a top real estate team and shares trusted advice for first-time and military buyers. Get to know Levi Rodgers
